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2019 Daily Highlights Day 2

5G: the state of play

5G is no longer a future technology, just around the corner, tomorrow’s big thing – 5G is here! Seeking to find out just where we’re at with 5G, this session provided expert views from industry and government on concrete use cases, trials, strategies and the impact on developed and developing countries alike.

ITU’s vision on 5G embraces three main use cases, explained moderator Diana Tomimura, Spectrum Regulation and Policy Advisor, ITU: enhanced mobile broadband communication providing up to 100 Mbps user experience, ultra-reliable low latency communication for critical applications such as self-driving cars, and massive machine-type communications for smart city scenarios.

New services are coming fast, from the USA to Korea, Japan, Europe and the Middle East but, as Marc Vancoppenolle, Global Head of Nokia Government Relations, Nokia, pointed out, most use cases today are offering an enhanced version of 4G, “a boost in terms of use cases and a better experience of existing 4G services.”  Huge investments are needed to deploy 5G networks, so operators will need new revenue streams and new use cases to guarantee return on investment.  “It is a journey based on incremental 4G,” he said, but 5G use cases will continue to evolve as existing benefits become ever clearer.

Dominique Würges, Director, International Relations, Orange, agreed that the evolution of 5G technology is a long journey of maturation involving different phases, research and cooperation. The revolution part comes in how 5G will address a larger ecosystem with verticals, industry sectors and new businesses – so that 5G, by its very nature, will be a multi-stakeholder co-construction embracing public and private sectors. Key factors include standardization work, harmonization and allocation of frequencies – and use cases under trial include cities, corporate sites, manufacturing, public transportation and automated driving. Orange hopes to launch deployment of 100% 5G on a fully commercial basis by 2022 at the latest.

For Antonio Amendola, Executive Director International External Affairs, AT&T Global Networks Services, whole ecosystem sharing with partners, and investment in spectrum are also critical to unleash the potential of 5G. His company’s experience of taking 5G out of the lab and into the field has made for interesting learning, with AT&T targeting a 75% virtualized network by 2020 to support massive 5G data usage. 

Jennifer Manners, Senior Vice President, Regulatory Affairs, Echostar, spoke with enthusiasm of the generation of communications technology requiring a “network of networks”, combining terrestrial and space services to achieve low latency, high-speed and high capacity. Satellites, both geostationary and non-geostationary, have tremendous potential to contribute to 5G connectivity in a range of use cases, from providing connectivity to challenging, rural and remote areas to allowing for wide coverage, low latency IoT solutions.

Of the three usage scenarios outlined by ITU, it is enhanced broadband mobile communications that will lift off the 5G era in Africa, according to Umar Garba Danbatta, Executive Vice Chairman, NCC

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2019 Daily Highlights Day 2

What’s happening with our data? Securing trust in digital public services

A diverse panel spanning ministers, vice ministers, regulators and representatives from international organizations across the globe exchanged views on privacy, data and the wider digital transformation.

Moderator Malcolm Johnson, Deputy Secretary General, ITU opened debate by asking panellists about the challenges of ushering in the digital transformation, privacy and planning for future.

In Mali, the digital economy has become an integral part of the government’s future planning. In privacy terms, however, the government is still grappling with a number of challenges, including how to protect the privacy of citizens who barely understand, in certain cases, why technology is even likely to be beneficial to them. As a part of its planning for the future, explained Kamissa Camara, Minister, Ministère de l’Economie numérique et de la Communication, the government has to first build awareness, so that citizens understand the basics of technology and its potential impact. Until this understanding and awareness has been established “data protection takes the back seat,” she explained.

Iraq faces major setbacks in keeping up with the progress the rest of the world has encountered during the past 40 years, following 4 devastating wars and 14 years of crippling sanctions. Despite this hardship, the country has “embarked upon and continue a process of digital transformation of our society, government, and economy.” explained Naeem Th. Yousir, Iraq’s Minister of Communications. This has resulted in 90% mobile penetration rate, with over 19 million internet connected. The government has plans to cover 82% of households with FTTH and is also in the process of introducing 4G, as well as a host of other e-government services such as digital certificates and signatures as well as registrations of births and deaths and looking into registration of real estate, other assets as well as companies. The government  also sees GDPR is an important step in the right direction for protecting personal data. The world community will benefit from adopting a common standard for data protection, which GDPR can be the initial template, he explained.

Lack of trust among citizens is a key challenge for Zimbabwe, and concerns about data security stand in the way of trust. Citizens can be unwilling to interact with digital devices, a major barrier to adoption of new services. A lack of legislation is also an issue, as the government needs to “connect legislation with consumer data protection, ” explained Kazembe Kazembe, Zimbabwe’s Minister of Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services. But even with legislation in place, “how enforceable are these, and how detectable is no data compliance?” he asked. The answers are centrally coordinated ICT initiatives, such as ECOWAS, and, crucially, the correct policy and legislation. “Policy and legislation are key mechanisms governments should pursue in order to address trust and security in digital transformation,”he explained.

Three aspects go hand in hand for digital transformation in North Macedonia. First, legislation – and here the country has just adopted a raft of laws in areas such as network and critical infrastructure. Then, the right technology needs to be adopted, and lastly consumers need to be educated and motivated to use services such as e-services or electronic identity. These three require input not just from governments but other stakeholders too. “Governments need cooperation with the industry, civil society – the institutions themselves cannot do this,” explained Damjan Manchevski, Minister, Ministry of Information Society and Administration, North Macedonia.

For Elmir Tofig Oglu Velizadeh, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies, Azerbaijan, a key challenge is the processes for collecting and using data efficiently as we move into an age of big data, particularly as data is generated by more and more devices. The right skillset is also need to interpret this data.

“Technology assists us to improve service delivery, but it also makes us plan better,” explained Pinky Kekana, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Communications and Digital Technologies, South Africa. Having the capacity to plan, build and be responsive to people is crucial. Here, modernization of services such as health has generated more useful data, which has helped with future planning. Nevertheless, ensuring the data is safely stored is also a key priority for governments.

For Singapore, ensuring trust is crucial in a digital transformation, but an increase in data breaches has eroded this. Keng Thai Leong, Deputy Chief Executive, Singapore’s InfoComm Media Development Authority also noted the common concern, echoed in a number of Forum sessions, of the regulatory balancing act; not “stifling” innovation with regulation on the one hand, whilst still protecting the needs of consumers on the other. Here laws compelling data localization are a good example: they protect consumers but could also potentially undermine startup innovation relying on data localization. In terms of governance and ethics on use of data, decisions taken must be transparent, fair and most of all human-centric. He highlighted the challenge of cross border data flows as one area where stakeholders need to come together, and find innovative policy solutions.

With 1.2bn mobile users and 600m internet users, India has a vibrant data market. The Indian government’s Digital India policy has focused first on getting the infrastructure in place, as connectivity is so essential for any digital growth. For Ram Sewak Sharma, Chairman of India’s TRAI, digital identity is at the base of establishing digital trust. He cited three Cs essential for successful digital transactions: cost, convenience and confidence. Users need to be empowered to control their own data, he told delegates. “Let me not talk about how my data can be misused but how I can use my data,” he said. The concept of data “portability”- controlling and managing one’s own data – is to be placed into new data protection laws, as “the person who owns the data is the empowered guy,” he explained.

Today, pressing high-level issues such as climate change, unsustainable consumption as well as privacy and security are high on the global agenda, but for Luis Neves, CEO, GeSI these are all interconnected, and he feels that technology will have the answer to many of these challenges.

Comprising developed countries, LDCs and LLDs, the Commonwealth countries each have different levels of development, although one key challenge for all is connectivity, said Gisa Fuatai Purcell, Acting Secretary General and director, ICT development CTO.  Privacy is a concern, but CTO also sees a lack of awareness that data is “information, an asset and should be protected.” Users need to feel safe that their data is secure, but one challenge for governments is monitoring to ensure that organizations store it safely.  

Johnson asked for final words from the panel on some of the key themes which had cropped up in the session including collaboration, awareness and regulatory balance.

ITU and a number of other key national and regional organizations already help countries forge effective frameworks and share codes of good practice, noted panelists. For Zimbabwe, a harmonization of the laws and regulations governing data protection are essential moving forward. North Macedonia’s Manchevski also called for more online privacy public awareness raising campaigns.

Governments must cooperate with all stakeholders, including the private sector, according to Azerbaijan’s Elmir Tofig Oglu Velizadeh. No single entity can resolve major issues such as cybersecurity alone, said Leong. Neves agreed on the need to bring all stakeholders to the table, to  develop criteria to ensure companies take responsibility and are measured.

Summing up, Johnson stressed the importance of dialogue between stakeholders, to move towards harmonized regulatory frameworks, adopt the right standards and address the delicate balance between privacy and security.

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2019 Daily Highlights Day 1

Commemorative stamp unveiled to mark Event opening

The opening of ITU Telecom World 2019 was marked by the launch of an official commemorative stamp. The stamp, in distinctive blue and white colours, and with a logo of the event, was unveiled by György Schamschula, CEO, Magyar Posta, at the ITU Telecom World 2019 opening press conference.

​Speakers at the opening press conference included Houlin Zhao, ITU Secretary-General and László Palkovics, Minister for Innovation and Technology, Hungary, Host Country for ITU Telecom World 2019, who spoke on key technologies and trends driving the digital future and outlined highlights to look out for in the week ahead.  

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2019 Daily Highlights Day 1

Green ICT and Sustainability at ITU Telecom World 2019

Sustainability and the digital economy have a complex relationship. As the effects of climate change become more apparent, the need for the thriving ICT sector to address its own substantial carbon footprint has become ever more urgent. Yet, new technologies – and applications or solutions based on established technology – are also an essential part of the battle to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, foster low-carbon, climate-resilient sustainable growth and adapt to climate change.

SMEs and large companies from around the world are showing how that can be done on the ITU Telecom World 2019 showfloor. Closing the Loop, for example, is a Dutch SME focused on proper, safe and corruption-free electronic waste management in emerging markets, working to enable sustainable consumption through circularity. This means collecting scrap mobile phones through informal African collection networks – and recycling the materials. It’s like reducing a carbon footprint, for phones. Visitors to the Closing the Loop stand were able to dismantle an old phone, explore the parts and understand the process hands-on. It’s affordable, easy and effective – and offers end-users and operators a real opportunity to deliver both sustainable and commercial benefit.

Eco- and environmental conservation is the priority of Immersion4’s DTM technology from Switzerland. Servers are dipped into the liquid Ice Coolant, transforming the digital heat of the data centre into a reusable energy source. Once again, it’s a win-win solution, promising both reduced environmental impact and economic efficiency.

This balancing act is one Ericsson is familiar with, as it works to meet current and future traffic demands whilst addressing energy and climate challenges. Innovative products and solutions aim to drive energy performance standards, and optimize services for energy consumption, in particular as the networks of the world move towards 5G.

South African Kusini Water is using an IoT platform to collect, treat and distribute safe drinking water. Its mobile solar-powered water purification systems are made from macadamia nut shells and nano-fibres. Meanwhile, back in Europe, Platio, a Hungarian SME, uses recycled plastic materials to create a range of solar pavement-based, green energy installation solutions which can be installed anywhere from offices and residential buildings to maritime infrastructures and smart cities. 

And it’s not just on the showfloor, supporting sustainable development is central to ITU Telecom World’s aim, with sessions in the Forum later this week will look at Exploring strategies to boost climate action in the ICT sector and Frontier technologies for climate change.

Greener transport options, for example, including a bicycle rental station outside the registration hall, shuttle buses and the use of as many e-taxis as possible. ITU Telecom World has moved steadily towards becoming a truly paper-less event – instead of printed programmes, brochures or floorplans, all practical information is available on the website or in the event app.

From the recycled palettes used in the construction of the Agora space, where you can sit, relax and learn during the Hungarian Pavilion programme, to the use of potted plants instead of cut flowers in the LeaderSpace, recycling bins around the venue, water bottles on sale at the ITU Bookshop and sustainably-produced team T-shirts, the hope is that every small step will prove significant. The future of tech at ITU Telecom World 2019 is focused on three key principles: green, circulatory and sustainable. It’s the future of the world, too.

Find out more here https://telecomworld.itu.int/greening-itu-telecom-world/  – and contact us at green@itu.int with any sustainability related inputs!

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2019 Daily Highlights Day 1

Hungarian innovation in the spotlight

From the Rubik’s cube to the biro, the telephone exchange and digital computing, Hungary has long been a cradle for innovation, creativity and collaboration. Now the latest tech innovations from Hungary, Host Country for ITU Telecom World 2019, are on show to the world in the Hungarian National Pavilion.

On the first day of the event, participants took part in a wide range of workshops, demos, presentations and debates, including the chance to steer a 5G-powered mini race car through delegates on the showfloor via an oculus AR (Augmented Reality) headset.

The country’s vibrant startup sector showcased a raft of different tech innovations, including GIS and mapping hard- and software, solutions using AI (Artificial Intelligence) to automatically detect objects and errors, and solar pavement based installations. There was also a chance to see solutions and services providing check-in and lead management for the events industry, encrypted communications systems for smartphones, products and solutions for smart grid, smart metering and security monitoring, e-government, RF and microwaves, payment and e-invoicing and much more.

Robotics and AI were the focus of the day’s pavilion programme. Ottó Werschitz, Business development director, Neuron Solutions, introduced some basic concepts related to robotics and A.I. and how they can improve business efficiency. Moving over to the human side, DPMK’s Ádám Horváth explained the significant impact that artificial intelligence is expected to have on the general processes of education – and therefore the lives of our children – a topic expanded upon by Netlife Robotics’ Áron Tanos who explained how, in the not so distant future, realistic humanoid robots could change our everyday lives.

The industrial aspect of robotics was next on the agenda, including presentations of manufacturing applications and current tech trends, a mathematical model for decision making, with OnRobot’s Nóra Bereczki explaining how improving the precision and adaptability of robotic tools will help make them even more useful, on a hardware and software level.

Robotics can have a significant impact on education and social life also, helping give children a more practical education and teaching them how to work together, explained WRO’s Balázs Koren. Socially integrating robots into the workplace can pose interesting challenges, according to Tibor Csizmazia, CTO of Enjoy Robotics, from designing an accepted appearance to communication issues.

The Pavilion’s programme continues tomorrow and throughout the week. You can see the full programme here.

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2019 Daily Highlights Day 1

ITU Telecom World 2019 raises curtain on 4 days of debate, tech exhibition and networking

ITU Telecom World 2019, the global tech event for governments, corporates and small- and medium-sized enterprises, opened its doors today to four days of exhibition, debate, networking and awards amongst some of the most influential names from across the information and communication technology (ICT) sector.

Hosted by the Government of Hungary, the event was launched in the presence of Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary, alongside Houlin Zhao, ITU Secretary-General, Francis Gurry, Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization, Nguyen Manh Hung, Minister of Information and Communications, Vietnam, together with high-level government leaders and representatives, regulators and leading industry Chief Executive Officers.

“Together, I am confident we will be able to expand avenues for cooperation and ICT infrastructure investment, make ICT applications and services more relevant, secure and affordable, and give people the tools and skills they need to navigate and succeed in the digital economy,” said ITU Secretary-General Houlin Zhao, welcoming delegates to ITU Telecom World 2019 and back to Budapest, four years after ITU Telecom World 2015. “Together, we can and will bring about connectivity that matters, the theme of this year’s event − here in Hungary, the region and the rest of the world.”

​​Addressing delegates via a video message, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres spoke of the importance of new technology to save lives: “There is no doubt: innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G and the Internet of Things can help us achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and improve the lives of all. We must harness the opportunities they bring, while mitigating the risks.”

Francis Gurry, Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) said that the theme of this Forum, Innovating together; connectivity that matters, “illustrates the relationship between ITU and WIPO, but also a much deeper truth and that is that ideas and development are nourished by connectivity. Connectivity with others inspires innovation. Telecommunications are a fundamental driver of the innovation in the world today.”

Speaking on making a new telecom infrastructure ready for a digital economy and a digital society, Nguyen Manh Hung, Minister of Information and Communications, Vietnam, Host Country for ITU Telecom World 2020, said “Telecom is now becoming ICT, and ICT is becoming a new infrastructure for a digital world. To make this happen, we need more innovations in technology, in policy and in strategy. This is a long way to go. And we should go together.” Addressing the auditorium, Hungary’s Prime Minister H.E. Viktor Orbán spoke of his country’s rapid digital progress and shared his future vision for Hungary, a thriving digital economy at the heart of Europe, saying “We are not trying to escape the future, we see the changes that are becoming new challenges for Europe. We do not want to shy away from creating this new world, we want to participate and be winners of this exciting challenge shaping history. We cannot only plan the future, we can realize it as well.​”

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2019 Daily Highlights Day 1

Innovating together: connectivity that matters

As Houlin Zhao, ITU Secretary General, reminded the audience at the first Forum Summit session “We meet at a moment when emerging technologies such as AI, blockchain, IoT and 5G can enable innovation and transform life. This event is a catalyst for global action, enabling government, companies, investors and relevant stakeholders to can join forces to stimulate ICT infrastructure development, strengthen demand side and expand connectivity to everyone, everywhere.”

The challenge of making that connectivity meaningful – relevant, affordable, accessible to all, and fit for purpose – was the focus of this lively and far-ranging session. In his opening keynote, Hamad Al Mansoori, Director General of TRA, United Arab Emirates, expressed his concern that new technologies may bring more people online, but the gap between the developed and undeveloped worlds will not be bridged.

“We need cooperation and synergy to innovate and bridge the worlds,” he said, calling for public and private sectors to work together for the development of humanity and “profit from the enthusiasm of youth, outsourcing, collaborative programmes and open societies to provide solutions.” Collective intelligence is the key factor in development, because “one simple stone does not build a wall. We need to collect good creative ideas, innovate together, use collective intelligence, use lots of stones to build a common house and a bright future for us all.”

Outlining key elements of Saudi Arabia’s 2030 Vision, Abdulaziz Bin Salem Al Ruwais, Governor of the Communications and Information Technology Commission of Saudi Arabia, echoed the need to adopt a new competitive paradigm as the pace of technological development continues to bring dramatic change: “We can no longer rely on natural resources, but on our intelligence and our brains…to change to a bright future.”

Doreen Bogdan-Martin, Director, Telecommunication Development Bureau, ITU, had the perfect example of that dizzying pace of change: “At ITU Telecom 1995, only 0.3% of the world was connected to the internet. This year it is more than 50%. Nothing has ever rivalled the internet in terms of opportunities and potential.” But even though millions more are connected, we need to refocus our efforts to ensure that connectivity is meaningful, functional and supported by digital skills.

Francis Gurry, Director General, World Intellectual Property Organization, spoke of the importance of innovation at the centre of competitive advantage. Now that technology is moving so quickly, we are confronting risks and threats, such as AI deep fakes, “a real problem for the integrity of information that we have around the world.”

 “Industry wants to make money and governments can’t keep up to speed with changes,” he continued, so it is often left to scientists to set the parameters of responsible innovation. He called for more risk mitigation measures and a greater consciousness and care when advancing so quickly with technological developments.

For Amanda Nelson, CEO, Vodafone Hungary, meaningfulness should be at the core of business strategy. “Doing good and doing good business are one and the same thing,” she said, emphasizing that it must at the heart of the business rather than just on-top CSR measures. The starting point for Vodafone, she explained, was being creative in finding solutions that are scalable – and therefore monetizable – and investing in those which really make a difference in people’s everyday lives.

Peter Halacsy, Chief Technology Officer & Co-founder of Prezi, pointed out that as a Silicon Valley-style tech business, the aim is to make software and mobile apps to keep users online – and using: “You call it connected, but you are addicted. We are developing drugs for the next generation.”  Policy makers in government and in the family – the parents – need to put regulation or limits on the use of technology.

Bogdan-Martin agreed that market forces can create great positive transformation, but emphasized the need for all stakeholders across society to be at the table.  Collaboration means a holistic approach across all areas of government and society, ensuring the digital skills necessary to participate in society are available to all, including women, the disabled and young people.

Nelson agreed, outlining some of Vodafone’s programmes aimed at bringing young people and women into tech. Inclusivity and collaboration are key. “It is a pivotal time for this industry, this is a very exciting time and we have to be humble and work together… get the right brains in the room and people thinking about real problems to solve” as new technologies bring as yet unimaginable new possibilities.

Halacsy focused on the critical role of education in making connectivity meaningful. Not just digital literacy and public awareness, but also digitizing education itself, empowering students to be part of the conversation and adapting to the ways in which young people think, communicate, chat and collaborate – making it fit for future life.

Two major trends will shape that future, according to Gurry: “the general dematerialization of value as intellectual capital becomes more important than physical capital and innovation moves more and more into the digital space,” and the geopolitical shift to the east. The paradox is that the unprecedented openness of technology has heralded a world that is closing in ever more.

For the panel, major catalysts to connectivity and digital transformation include advanced manufacturing and robotics, a whole government approach with digitized government services, and the precision manufacturing and personal education enabled by Industry 4.0. A holistic approach to development means convincing finance ministers, in particular, of the overarching importance of ICTs to all sectors of the economy and society, moving ICT investment up the priority ladder.

Halacsy concluded with his wish that “connectivity could make us happier” – and the unconnected coming on board now could learn from the experiences of the developed world, leapfrog developmentally and not make the same mistakes. It is our collective responsibility, the panel agreed, to ensure that connectivity is not only available to all, but useful to all.

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2019 Daily Highlights Day 1

Digital integrity: values and principles of the digital future

Although digital technology doubtless brings with it a host of benefits, it still presents very real concerns in terms of trust in technology, privacy and cybersecurity. Moderator Damon Embling of Euronews asked a diverse panel drawn from across international organizations, regulator and consumer groups: do consumers really trust in a digital future?

The issue of trust resonated throughout the session. For Helena Leurent, Director-General, Consumers International, although consumers are dipping their feet more and more into the digital economy, buying, selling and trading online, they still do not feel entirely comfortable within it, and are still unsure of what they can trust. Consumers find the whole idea somehow “creepy”, she explained, and it is this sense of creepiness that could prevent the economy expanding.

For ITU Deputy Secretary-General Malcolm Johnson, there is an increasing awareness that digital technologies are essential for meeting the SDGs, therefore it is important that all citizens are able to take advantage of them. Trust is one of the reasons people are not connected. ITU is addressing this from a security point of view, through its work on standards, and has a large private sector membership who are driving standards work- along with an impending new membership category, SMEs. “We have to make sure people are comfortable using technology,” he told delegates.

Politicians recognise the need to keep people safe, said Jeremy Godfrey, Chair of the Board of Regulators, BEREC. People need to be protected from harmful content. Businesses also need to be able to trust that they can be treated fairly and that data is being used appropriately, although “we don’t yet have in place tools to do that,” he explained. Building trust also poses regulatory challenges; the pace of regulation does not necessarily match the pace of innovation, and regulators may not necessarily possess all the knowledge needed. “A light touch, principle-based regulation” is called for, he explained.

Flexibility in policy terms is also key for OECD, whose “Going Digital” project makes the case for a flexible approach to policy making, according to Endre Spaller, Vice-President, Government IT Development Agency, Ministry for Innovation and Technology, Hungary and a member of the OECD’s Committee on Digital Economic Policy. A stronger policy collaboration is also essential, he explained, as the digital transformation affects many different aspects of society. Governments and stakeholders must work together to build a digital future.

Putting consumer rights at the heart of tech innovation

Technology needs make sure it focuses on rights of consumers, said Leurent. “What about applying innovation to consumer protection tech?” she asked delegates. Protecting consumers yet at the same time making sure regulation doesn’t stifle innovation is a delicate balancing act as overregulation could mean that “any innovative product goes through so many checks it never actually sees the market,” said Godfrey.

Consumer and user groups need to be part of the stakeholders dialogue, said ITU’s Johnson, also in terms of standards development, where input is essential. “We need international standards to ensure security and trust” he explained.

Building a thriving digital economy

Spaller outlined OECD’s three main areas of cooperation in order for the digital economy to thrive: firstly, in terms of data, measuring the value of and unleashing the full potential for free flow of data; secondly, equipping populations with the right skillset and training to flourish in a digital economy; and thirdly, measuring the digital transformation. Here OECD has created its own measurement system.

The benefits that the digital economy has already opened up should not be overlooked, said Godfrey: “Consumers can now buy and sell from traders across the world, share reviews and experiences with other consumers,” which is hugely beneficial.

Despite the many digital benefits many of us currently enjoy, education amongst consumers is still essential to help them navigate and flourish in the digital economy. Consumers need to be educated, to understand what their rights are and what they need to look out for, explained Leurent.

Panellists then took questions voted on by the audience, which spanned areas from speeding up policy making, maintaining trust among consumers to regulating tech “giants.” Quizzed on the issue of whether excessive regulation could potentially hinder growth of digital innovation in developing markets, Godfrey explained that it was not just in developing markets but everywhere, although developing markets can potentially learn from the developed world. “Just because we have sold our souls and given away so much data we have regretted it does not mean that everyone else should go this way,” he said. Being a latecomer in the game could even be an upside, according to Daniel Pataki, Vice President of Regulation, GSMA, as maybe by the time developing countries are grappling with privacy issues, they may be able adopt practices already in use elsewhere.

Future perspectives

Embling summed up by asking panellists for their views on future trends and digital priorities.

Spaller would like to see a future where digitization is not just a goal, but lives with us. Collaboration will be key, according to GSMA’s Pataki, across the full digital ecosystem. Ensuring that consumers are fully involved in the digital future and that their voices are heard is crucial for Consumers International’s Leurent. Regulators must continue to work using existing tools, explained Godfrey, but debate on how we can put in place new regulation will also be important. However, we need to be realistic about the limitations of what regulation might achieve, he added. Wrapping up the session, Johnson stressed the need for a platform where we can all exchange views, inviting delegates to join the ITU’s next AI for Good Global summit.

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Investing in the future of mobile

Today’s connected world offers infinite possibilities. The rapid pace of technological change and the impact of market forces are driving the evolution of the digital economy.  By the end of 2018, 5.1 billion people around the world subscribed to mobile services, accounting for 67% of the global population. In 2018, almost 300 million people connected to mobile internet for the first time.  With an average annual growth rate of 1.9% between 2018 and 2025, this will bring the total number of mobile subscribers to 5.8 billion (71% of the population).

In 2018, mobile technologies and services generated 4.6% of GDP globally, this amounts to $3.9 trillion of economic value added. The mobile ecosystem also supported almost 32 million jobs and made a substantial contribution to the funding of the public sector. By 2023, mobile’s contribution will reach $4.8 trillion (4.8% of GDP) as countries around the globe increasingly benefit from the improvements in productivity and efficiency brought about by increased take-up of mobile services.

Clearly access to mobile – and equally importantly, the mobile internet – is one of the key drivers of economic growth.  This is a huge and transformative evolution in the way in which we live, interact, create, do business; providing individuals with the means to communicate instantly and respond quickly in any given situation.

We are not, however, at a point where we have universal mobile access, and many obstacles exist to its availability, some of which reside in the legal and regulatory frameworks that govern the functioning of the telecommunications sector.  It is important, therefore, that as we acknowledge the powerful impact that mobile plays in delivering economic growth and opportunity, we take stock of the role of government in encouraging and enabling further investment from service providers, ultimately supporting innovation and digital inclusion.

Firstly, to enable economic growth, mobile has to be available, which requires significant investment in networks and infrastructure. In my opinion, there are a number of steps that government can take to encourage this investment, including:   

  • the provision of technology neutral spectrum licences;
  • the production of a spectrum roadmap that outlines when spectrum will be released to help operators plan investment;
  • the assignment of additional mobile spectrum, particularly in the digital dividend bands;
  • the reduction of spectrum costs and coverage obligations on sub-1GHz assignments; and
  • allowing service providers’ full scope in passive and active infrastructure sharing.

All of these steps promote efficiency, encourage quality, and incentivise service providers to deliver the widest possible mobile broadband coverage.

Secondly, with price remaining one of the biggest barriers for consumers in low and middle-income countries, services have to be affordable.  However, as mobile consumers and operators are subject to a substantial tax burden increasingly driven by sector‑specific taxes, reforming sector-specific taxation and fees should be considered, including:

  • the removal of sector-specific taxes on both consumers of mobile services, on devices and on mobile operators; and
  • aligning mobile taxation with that applied to other sectors and with the best practices recommended by international organisations such as the World Bank and IMF.

Thirdly, the consumer needs the skills to engage with mobile technology and must have full trust in its safety and security.  In particular, there is a need for smart data privacy laws that provide effective protection for individuals, whilst at the same time providing organisations with the freedom to operate, innovate and comply in a way that makes sense for their business and can create positive outcomes for society.

Finally, relevant and local content plays a hugely significant role in boosting participation and adoption. Giving users the necessary skills to become digitally engaged and providing digital training and facilities to promote the development of a local content ecosystem, will enable local entrepreneurs to set up websites or develop apps that meet local needs.

As we strive towards a more connected world, governments and regulators have to put in place policies that address these enabling factors and help realise greater mobile adoption.  If network operators, regulators and policymakers can work together, this will create a positive framework for investment, and make significant steps towards enhancing the mobile experience of those already connected and extend mobile access to the unserved. 

I look forward very much to discussing these points, and hearing the opinions of my fellow panellists from across the industry, in the Forum debate “Bridging digital divides through an integrated approach” at ITU Telecom World next week!

Note: this blog post is part of a series of opinion pieces from the speakers of the Forum programme at ITU Telecom World 2019. Join the conversation onsite in Budapest or via twitter by #ITUWORLD.

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The trap of the personalized content offer of social media platforms – filter bubble following the scarcity of frequencies?

Freedom of speech research nowadays mainly concentrates on issues around communication processes on social media platforms  – with special regard to finding a legal solution to the phenomenon of social media platforms uniquely affecting the plurality of democratic discourse during their activities.

The most fraudulent promises stemming from publicity expanding intensively due to the technology of the internet were that the end of infrastructural scarcity would result in unlimited access,  and that internet publicity, which is more democratic than any previous platforms, would be unlimited in material terms i.e. free of charge. As of today we need to accept that online publicity is not free of charge – or in other terms, everything has a price.

The great hope that the service providers playing a key role in information distribution (intermediaries) would multiply the offer has been partially fulfilled, yet due to the multi-channel paradox – the arbitrary content selection and personalized offer – the notion of plurality gets inverted. This has led to the emergence of an online filter bubble.

Search-engine providers, social networks and video sharing platforms tend to use IT solutions (such as cookies) that monitor the online activities of users and gather data. Based on the digital footprint of the user, the service providers create a digital profile that is used to predict the type of content the user is interested in, the news and opinions the user might like to read, and the products and services to offer for purchase. Their aim is no less than to personalize the content based on the user’s preference. The autocomplete user interface of search engine providers does exactly the same, according to the providers, to increase the wellbeing of their users. This, despite the sonorous promise of personalization, mainly causes the fading and imperviousness of online discourse. Service providers aim to maximize their profit, degrade citizens to mere consumers and offer them on a plate to the market players they’re associated with – the market players who can then offer products and services on the basis of those consumer habits.  

The arbitrary selection activity of the intermediary service providers constitutes one of the main arguments in the debates about net-neutrality. This is because the operators of electronic communication networks and infrastructures have a growing interest in sorting the content flowing through the virtual bottleneck while cutting the costs of infrastructure development. This selection is mainly realized through the use of algorithms that are able to consider both general and specific user habits.

The online identity shaped by the algorithms has a self-fulfilling effect when it comes to the functioning of democratic public opinion. The users of the service eventually get isolated from any opinions and information different from their own because the provider constantly monitors their activities and generates content related to it.  Usually, users get into an “online opinion-ghetto” regardless of  – or in opposition to –  their choice; or as Sunstein put it, ’cybercascades’ are developing.

This phenomenon was first described by Pariser, who called it a filter bubble. The filter bubble is an artificially created virtual information sphere, where the user’s chance of finding opinions and information differing from their own views constantly decreases until they get trapped in a false perception of reality, where democratic discourses lose their ’democratic’ nature due to their polarization.

The scarcity that emerged as a technological result of the filter bubble phenomena, rather than from technical necessity, makes the revival of the constitutional arguments developed during the era of the scarcity of frequencies a current need. Finding new routes to ensure the state’s activities to protect certain institutions is yet to come. The regulatory environment is completely different than in the era of frequency scarcity of national media markets, and state regulation of the internet as a global market is an impossible undertaking.

To break free of the filter bubble is – in my opinion – a shared responsibility. The citoyen and those vested with legislative power (typically not a state, but a plethora of states within the merits of global, regional cooperation, or the EU within Europe) are capable of jointly defeating the effects of the filter bubble eroding public debates, even if it means cutting back on consumer well-being. The conscious attitude of users and responsible legislation together can contribute to finding our way back to the plurality of online publicity.